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Type of submachine gun

Personal defense weapons (PDWs) are a course of meaty, selective fire, magazine-fed, submachine gun-like firearms. Near PDWs fire a small-caliber (less than 6 millimetres or 0.24 inches), high-velocity centerfire bottleneck cartridge resembling a scaled-downwardly intermediate burglarize cartridge, substantially making them an "in-between" hybrid between a submachine gun and a carbine. The utilise of these burglarize-similar cartridges gives the PDWs much better ballistic performance (constructive range, accuracy and armor-penetrating capability) than conventional submachine guns, which fire larger-caliber but slower and less aerodynamic handgun cartridges. The depression recoil of these "sub-intermediate" cartridges besides makes muzzle rise on PDWs (which typically have brusk gun barrels) much easier to handle than short-barreled rifles, peculiarly when shooting total-auto or in flare-up fires.

The proper name describes the weapon's original conceptual role: as a compact but powerful pocket-size arm that can exist conveniently carried for personal defense, usually by support personnel behind the front line such as military engineers, logistic drivers, medical specialists, artillery crews or signallers. These "second-line" personnel are not strictly gainsay troops expected to directly appoint the enemy, merely may still be at adventure of encountering decently equipped (and often well-armored) hostile skirmishers and infiltrators, therefore having to defend themselves in close quarters. Such encounters volition warrant an constructive weapon that is easy to apply while having sufficient firepower to suppress enemy charges and concord them beyond a safe perimeter to forestall the defenders from beingness overrun, but the risk of hostility is rare enough that a standard service rifle would be an unnecessary burden during their normal duties.

Because of their light weight, controllability, ease of operation and close-range effectiveness (tin can defeat a NATO CRISAT vest^[1] or an NIJ IIIA soft Kevlar armor^[2] ^[iii] at up to 200 meters or 220 yards), PDWs have besides been used past special forces, paramilitaries, heavily armed tactical police force and even bodyguards.

History [edit]

9mm Parabellum "Ruby-red nine" Mauser C96 with stock

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, shortened versions of the infantry rifle were issued equally "carbines" for cavalry troops and gun crews. This designation was dropped every bit infantry rifle designs became shortened overall, such as in the Short Magazine Lee–Enfield rifle. Thereafter, handguns were typically issued as a self-defense weapons. However, they were not constructive in most close combat situations. As a result, during the First Earth State of war, the Mauser C96 and arms versions of the Luger pistol were issued with attachable shoulder stock holsters, which allowed for greater control and accurateness.

During Earth War I, the United States secretly developed the Pedersen device attachment for the M1903 Springfield rifle that allowed it to burn down a .30 caliber (vii.62 mm) pistol-blazon cartridge in semi-automatic manner.^[4] ^[v] This attachment was developed to let an infantryman to convert "his rifle to a class of submachine gun or automatic burglarize" in approximately xv seconds.^[5] ^[4]

Production of the device and modified M1903 rifles started during 1918.^[5] All the same, the war concluded before they were sent to Europe.^[iv] ^[5] The contract was cancelled on March ane, 1919, after product of 65,000 devices, 1.vi million magazines, 65 one thousand thousand cartridges and 101,775 modified Springfield rifles.^[4] ^[five] ^[6] The Pedersen device was declared surplus in 1931.^[6] To prevent them from falling into the hands of the lawless, virtually all of the stored devices were destroyed past the Army except for a few examples kept by Ordnance Department.^[seven] ^[6]

In 1938, the U.Due south. Army Ordnance Department received a request for a low-cal rifle to be issued to mortarmen, radiomen, drivers, clerks, cooks, and like grades.^[eight] During field exercises, these troops found that the M1 Garand burglarize was besides heavy and too cumbersome for full general outcome. And, while handguns are undeniably convenient, they had limited range, accuracy and power. This request was refused past authorities.^[8]

In 1940, after Deutschland's utilise of glider-borne and paratroop forces to infiltrate and attack strategic points behind the front lines,^[ix] ^[10] the request for a light rifle was resubmitted and subsequently approved.^[8] U.S. Army Ordnance issued a requirement for a "low-cal rifle" with greater range, firepower, and accuracy than the M1911 pistol while weighing half as much every bit the M1 Garand.^[11] As a result, the U.Southward. developed the semi-automatic M1 Carbine and before long thereafter the select-fire M2 Carbine. Widely employed until the finish of the Vietnam War, these carbines are more often than not considered the forerunners of modernistic personal defense force weapons.^[12]

Developed during the 1980s, the "Personal Defense Weapon" (PDW) concept was created in response to a NATO request equally a replacement for 9×19mm Parabellum submachine guns. The PDW is a meaty automated weapon that can defeat enemy torso armor and which tin be used conveniently by non-combatant and back up troops, as well equally a close quarters battle weapon for special forces and counter-terrorist groups.^[13] ^[xiv]

Introduced in 1991, the FN P90 features a bullpup design with a futuristic advent. It has a fifty-round magazine housed horizontally higher up the barrel, an integrated reflex sight and fully ambidextrous controls.^[15] A simple accident-back automatic weapon, information technology was designed to fire the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge which can penetrate soft trunk armor.^[thirteen] ^[fourteen] The P90 was designed to take a length no greater than a man's shoulder width, to allow information technology to exist easily carried and maneuvered in tight spaces, such every bit the inside of an armored vehicle.^[xv]

Introduced in 2001, the Heckler & Koch MP7 is a direct rival to the FN P90. Featuring a more conventional-looking design, the MP7 uses a short-stroke piston gas system as used on H&M's G36 and HK416 assault rifles, in place of a blowback system traditionally seen on submachine guns.^[sixteen] The MP7 is able to use 20-, 30- and forty-round magazines and fires four.6×30mm ammunition which can penetrate soft torso armor. Due to the heavy use of polymers in its construction, the MP7 is much lighter than older SMG designs, weighing only 1.2 kg (2.65 lb) with an empty 20-round magazine.

Applications [edit]

3 noncombatant 5.7×28mm cartridges as used in the P90. The left cartridge has a plain hollow tip, the center cartridge has a red plastic V-max tip intended to ensure bullet expansion, and the right cartridge has a blue plastic V-max tip.

PP-2000 SMG tin can be used as a PDW by firing high-force per unit area armor-piercing ammunition

The PDW concept has not been widely successful, partly considering existing PDWs are not significantly cheaper to manufacture than carbines or total-size armed forces rifles. Most PDWs likewise utilize a proprietary cartridge, such equally the 5.7×28mm cartridge for the FN P90 or the 4.half dozen×30mm for the H&K MP7, neither of which were originally compatible with whatever existing pistols or rifles/carbines. Although both manufacturers planned handguns that used the same proprietary rounds, only FN went frontwards with production of the Five-SeveN pistol, which was the just handgun option available for the five.7×28mm cartridge for over 2 decades until the introduction of Ruger-57 in 2019. In turn, this made the PDW cartridges expensive to consumers due to the lack of mass production. A dissimilar take on the PDW concept is the Russian made PP-2000, which can fire common ix×19mm Parabellum ammunition or a special high-pressure armor-piercing variant to give it similar capabilities as other PDWs.

Though personal defence force weapons have not been very pop for their intended awarding, they have been acquired by many special forces and law enforcement groups as straight upgrade for submachine guns. The FN P90 and V-seven pistol are used by military machine and police force forces in over 40 countries throughout the world, including Canada, Cyprus, France, Hellenic republic, Republic of india, Peru, Poland, Spain and the United States.^[17] The Heckler & Koch MP7 is also used in a number of countries, including Austria, France, Deutschland, Ireland, Norway, Malaysia and the United Kingdom.^[xviii] ^[19]

Mod PDW cartridge [edit]

FN v.7×28mm
HK 4.six×30mm
v.8×21mm DAP
iv.38×30mm Libra
half-dozen.5×25mm CBJ
5.56×30mm MINSAS
vii.5 FK

Personal defense weapons [edit]

AAC Dear Annoy PDW – .300 AAC Blackout (vii.62×35mm)
AKS-74U – 5.45×39mm
Amogh carbine – 5.56×30mm MINSAS
AR-57 – 5.7×28mm – M16 lower receiver with a redesigned upper receiver fed by FN P90 magazines
Barrett REC7 PDW – 6.8mm Remington SPC (half dozen.eight×43mm)
Brügger & Thomet MP9 – 6.5×25mm CBJ & nine×19mm Luger
Colt MARS – v.56×30mm MARS
ČZW-438 – 4.38×30mm Libra
FN P90 – 5.7×28mm
FN SCAR PDW – five.56×45mm NATO
FN SCAR SC – 5.56×45mm NATO & .300 AAC Coma (7.62×35mm) – A new variant of the FN SCAR, with a .300 Coma chambering kit released in late 2018.^[20]
GA Personal Defense force Weapon – 7.62×37mm Musang
Gepard (SMG) – 9×30mm "Grom"
Heckler & Koch MP5K-PDW – 9×19mm
Heckler & Koch MP7 – 4.6×30mm
Knight's Armament Company PDW – half-dozen×35mm KAC
Magpul PDR – 5.56×45mm NATO
Modern Sub Machine Carbine – v.56×30mm MINSAS
PP-2000 – 9×19mm 7N21 +P+, 9×19mm 7N31 +P+
QCW-05 – 5.8×21mm
Saab Bofors Dynamics CBJ-MS – 6.5×25mm
ST Kinetics CPW – four.half dozen×30mm, v.seven×28mm, 9×19mm^[21]
VBR-Kingdom of belgium PDW – 7.92×24mm

PDW-quotient pistols [edit]

FK BRNO – 7.5FK
FN 5-vii – v.seven×28mm
Kel-Tec P50 – 5.vii×28mm
MPA57 – 5.seven×28mm^[22]
QSZ-92 / QSW-06 – 5.8×21mm
Ruger-57 – five.seven×28mm
VBR-Belgium CQBW – 4.6×30mm, five.7×28mm, vii.92×24mm

Run across also [edit]

Assail rifle
Assault weapon
Automatic shotgun
Shut quarters combat
Pistol-caliber carbine
Semi-automatic firearm
Short-barreled rifle

References [edit]

^ RUAG Ammotec 2.0 yard German Regular army 4.6×30mm Penetrator DM11 cartridge factsheet
^ Wall, Sandy (April 2003). "Spring 2003 Experiences with the FN P90". Hendon Publishing Co. Archived from the original on July eleven, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
^ Fortier, David (2008). "Armed services Ammo Today". Handguns Magazine. Archived from the original on January 22, 2010. Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d https://world wide web.guns.com/news/2013/06/22/perishings-super-weapon-the-pedersen-device/ "The Pedersen Device: The World War I superweapon that (virtually) won the state of war". 6/22/xiii. by Chris Eger
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Military Pocket-sized Arms of the 20th Century. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John South. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. pages 284 & 285
^ ^a ^b ^c Julian S. Hatcher, Hatcher'southward Notebook, Military Service Publishing Co., 1947, Ch. xv The Pedersen Device, pp. 361-372.
^ Canfield, Bruce N. (2003). "Never in Acrimony: the Pedersen Device". American Rifleman. National Rifle Clan. 151 (June): 58–61&71.
^ ^a ^b ^c Military Small-scale Artillery of the 20th Century. 7th Edition. past Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. pages 289-290
^ George, John, Shots Fired In Anger, NRA Press (1981), p. 394
^ Weeks, John, World State of war Ii Minor Artillery, London: Orbis Publishing Ltd. and New York: Galahad Books, ISBN 0-88365-403-2, ISBN 978-0-88365-403-3 (1979), p. 130
^ Larry Ruth, M1 Carbine: Blueprint, Evolution & Production, (The Gun Room Press, 1979, ISBN 0-88227-020-half-dozen) contains many Ordnance documents related to the "Light Rifle" specification that led to the M1 carbine
^ Thompson, Leroy (2011). The M1 Carbine. Osprey Publishing. pp. 4, 68.
^ ^a ^b Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. London: Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN9781840652451.
^ ^a ^b Oliver, David (2007). "In the Line of Burn down". Global Defence Review. Archived from the original on October sixteen, 2006. Retrieved October nineteen, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Kevin, Dockery (2007). Time to come Weapons. New York: Berkley Trade. ISBN 9780425217504.
^ Cutshaw, Charles Q. (2003). "Heckler & Koch'southward cut-border compacts G36C and MP7 PDW: when less actually is more". Guns Mag.
^ Francotte, Auguste; Claude, Gaier; Robert, Karlshausen, eds. (January 2008). Ars Mechanica – The Ultimate FN Book. Vottem: Herstal Group. ISBN978-two-87415-877-3.
^ "BMI" (PDF). world wide web.bmi.gv.at . Retrieved 23 March 2018.
^ Gourley, South.; Kemp, I (November 26, 2003). "The Duellists". Jane's Defense Weekly (ISSN 0265-3818), Volume 40 Issue 21, pp 26-28.
^ "New FN SCAR®-SC Subcompact Carbine | FN HERSTAL". www.fnherstal.com . Retrieved 2017-11-24 .
^ "STKinetics CPW submachine gun – Compact Personal Weapon". Singapore. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
^ D.K. Pridgen (November 12, 2014). "Masterpiece Arms MPA57 SST v.vii×28mm". Retrieved April 24, 2017.